2023世界能源展望(英文 355 页)

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Table of Contents

1. 概述和主要发现

Introduction ....... 25

1.1 A peak by 2030 for each of the fossil fuels .... 26

1.2 A slowdown in economic growth in China would have huge implicationsfor energy markets .... 31

1.3 A boom of solar manufacturing could be a boon for the world .... 36

1.4 Pathway to a 1.5 °C limit on global warming is very tough, but itremains open ..... 42

1.5 Capital flows are gaining pace, but not reaching the areas of greatest need 49

1.6 Transitions have to be affordable...... 52

1.7 Risks on the road to a more electrified future ...... 59

1.8 A new, lower carbon pathway for emerging market and developingeconomies is taking shape ..... 63

1.9 Geopolitical tensions undermine energy security and prospects for rapid,affordable transitions .... 68

1.10 As the facts change, so do our projections .... 73

2. Setting the scene 79

2.1 New context for the World Energy Outlook ...... 81

2.2 WEO scenarios ....... 91

3. Pathways for the energy mix 101

3.1 Introduction ..... 103

3.2 Overview ..... 104

3.3 Total final energy consumption ....... 107

3.4 Electricity ..... 123

3.5 Fuels .... 130

3.6 Key clean energy technology trends ....... 147

4. Secure and people-centered energy transitions 155

4.1 Introduction ..... 157

4.2 Environment and climate .... 158

4.3 Secure energy transitions .... 166

4.4 People-centered transitions ...... 183

4.5 Investment and finance needs .... 197

5. Regional insights 203

5.1 Introduction ..... 205

5.2 United States ....... 206

5.3 Latin America and the Caribbean .... 211

5.4 European Union ....... 216

5.5 Africa ....... 221

5.6 Middle East ...... 226

5.7 Eurasia ..... 231

5.8 China .... 236

5.9 India ..... 241

5.10 Japan and Korea ...... 246

5.11 Southeast Asia ..... 251

Annexes