OECD：2017教育概览(英文 456 页)

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主要发现

来自科技领域的毕业生最容易就业，尽管不是全面的

成年人今天普遍受教育程度较高，但有些仍然落后

高等教育的总支出高于学生入学人数

劳动力下降和劳动力老化令教学行业受到影响

其他发现

Table of Content

Editorial: Building for the future..............11

Introduction: The indicators and their framework .....13

Reader’s guide ...............17

Executive summary ..........23

The education sustainable developmentgoal ..........27

CHAPTER A THE OUTPUT OF EDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONS AND THE IMPACT OF LEARNING........41

Indicator A1 To what level have adults studied? ..........42

programmes (2015) .......61

graduation rates (2005, 2010 and 2015) ..............63

educational attainment? ........76

programmedegree, by gender, age group and parents’ educational attainment

Indicator A6 What are the earnings advantages from education? ......104

Indicator A7 What are the financial incentives to invest ineducation? ...........118

Indicator A8 How are social outcomes related to education? ...........136

Indicator A9 How many students complete upper secondary education? .....152

CHAPTER B FINANCIAL AND HUMANRESOURCES INVESTEDINEDUCATION ............165

Indicator B1 How much is spent per student? .............168

Indicator B2 What proportion of national wealth is spent oneducational institutions? ......180

Indicator B3 How much public and private investment oneducational institutions

Indicator B4 What is the total public spending on education? ......202

Indicator B5 How much do tertiary students pay andwhatpublic support do they receive? ..........212

Indicator B6 On what resources and services is education funding spent? ...........224

Indicator B7 Which factors influence the level of expenditure on education? ............234

CHAPTER C ACCESS TO EDUCATION, PARTICIPATION ANDPROGRESSION ..........247

Indicator C1 Who participates in education? .....248

Indicator C2 How do early childhood education systems differ around the world? ........260

Indicator C3 Who is expected to enter tertiary education? .....272

Indicator C4 What is the profile of internationally mobilestudents? .....286

Indicator C5 Transition from school to work: wherearethe15-29 year-olds? ...........304

Indicator C6 How many adults participate in education andlearning? ............316

CHAPTER D THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT ANDORGANISATION OFSCHOOLS ..............333

Indicator D1 How much time do students spend in the classroom? ............334

Indicator D2 What is the student-teacher ratio and howbigareclasses? .....350

Indicator D3 How much are teachers paid? ...........360

Indicator D4 How much time do teachers spend teaching? ......378

Indicator D5 Who are the teachers? ............392

Indicator D6 What are the national criteria for students toapply to and enter into tertiary education? ......402

ANNEX 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATION SYSTEMS .........417

ANNEX 2 REFERENCE STATISTICS .............425

ANNEX 3 SOURCES, METHODS AND TECHNICAL NOTES ......441

Contributors to this publication ...........443

Education Indicators in Focus ........449