联合国贸发会：2019年数字经济报告( 英文 194页)

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Contents

Chapter I. RECENT TRENDS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY.......1

A. ON THE CUSP OF A NEW DIGITAL ERA....3

B. WHAT IS THE DIGITAL ECONOMY?...........3

C. TRENDS IN EMERGING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES..........6

D. DATA TRAFFIC AND DATA CENTRES........9

E. TRENDS IN ACCESS TO AND USE OF ICT.....12

F. RECENT EVOLUTION OF E-COMMERCE .......15

G. THE RISE OF TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES IN THE GLOBAL BUSINESS LANDSCAPE.......17

H. CONCLUSIONS.........21

CHAPTER II. VALUE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY.......23

A. DRIVERS OF VALUE CREATION IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY........25

B. A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING VALUE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY........33

C. CHANNELS FOR VALUE CREATION IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES......38

D. NEW PATHS FOR VALUE ADDITION, STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT ........43

E. CONCLUDING REMARKS........44

CHAPTER III. MEASURING VALUE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY.........47

A. CHALLENGES TO MEASURING VALUE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY....49

B. VALUE ADDITION IN THE ICT SECTOR...........51

C. EMPLOYMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY...........58

D. TRADE RELATED TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY......62

E. VALUE ADDED IN E-COMMERCE....68

F. COMPREHENSIVE MEASUREMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: SOME EXAMPLES.......69

H. CONCLUSIONS.........70

ANNEX TO CHAPTER III........72

CHAPTER IV. VALUE CREATION AND CAPTURE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY:A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE......81

A. GLOBAL REACH OF MAJOR DIGITAL PLATFORMS......83

B. MARKET CONCENTRATION DYNAMICS.........84

C. THE INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION OF DATA .........89

E. DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND TAXES..........95

F. IMPACTS ON EMPLOYMENT AND PLATFORM WORK..........96

G. CONCLUDING REMARKS........99

CHAPTER V. ASSESSING THE SCOPE FOR VALUE CREATION AND CAPTURE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES...........103

A. THE IMPORTANCE OF BUILDING DOMESTIC PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY...........105

B. THE USE OF GLOBAL DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.....106

C. LEVERAGING LOCAL AND REGIONAL DIGITAL PLATFORMS.....108

D. DIGITAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP.....112

E. STRATEGIES FOR DIGITAL ENTERPRISES IN AFRICA .......117

F. DIGITALIZATION OF ENTERPRISES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES....119

G. CONCLUSIONS.......121

CHAPTER VI. POLICIES AIMED AT VALUE CREATION AND CAPTURE...........123

A. INTRODUCTION......125

B. NATIONAL POLICIES FOR CREATING AND CAPTURING VALUE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY.......125

C. DATA POLICIES FOR CAPTURING VALUE....131

D. COMPETITION POLICY ..........138

E. TAXATION OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS ....142

F. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS POLICIES IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY....144

G. LABOUR MARKET AND SOCIAL PROTECTION POLICIES..........146

H. THE NEED FOR INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT........147

I. CONCLUSIONS: A DIGITAL ECONOMY FOR THE MANY, NOT JUST THE FEW.........148

REFERENCES...... 154

Boxes

Tables

Figures

Annex figure

III.12. Growth rate of value added in ICT, by subsector, selected economies, 2010–2017, or latest available year.... 58